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Various aptamers are being developed (targeted to HIV-1 gp120 (described in (Zhou et al., 2008; Zhou et al., 2009)), CCR5 co-receptor (recently developed using SELEX) and CD4 co-receptors (described in (Wheeler et al., 2013))) to delivery small non-coding RNAs or siRNAs capable of directing transcriptional gene silencing of HIV or the CCR5 co-receptor used by HIV for entry into target cells.